Thus the difference in the electronegativity combined with the presence of the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom gives it a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atom the positive charges. One of the most common examples is the water molecule that consists of one highly electronegative oxygen atom and two electropositive hydrogen atoms. It also happens with the atom bearing the lone pair of electrons and the difference in the vector points of the electronegativity in a similar way. This usually occurs when one atom is more electronegative than the other atom which results in more pulling of the electron cloud by the higher electronegative atom. Therefore in other words, the dipole moment is created when the atoms of a molecule share the electrons unequally. Dipole moment is actually the measurement of the polarity of the molecules. In the size of the dipole moment the distance of the bond also plays a crucial role in determining the magnitude of the dipole moment.
The main reason for the rise of the dipole moment is due to the difference in the electronegativity of the atoms of compounds formed. The main cause for the development of the dipole moment is the electronegativity difference between chemically bonded atoms or elements.ĭipole Moments mostly occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between two molecules when they share a covalent bond. Both ionic and covalently bonded compounds develop dipole moments. The separation of charges in any system leads to a dipole moment.
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